EL ROL DE LOS PROFESORES EN LAS RELACIONES DE LOS GRUPOS DE PARES DE LOS ESTUDIANTES:
UNA REVISIÓN SOBRE SU INFLUENCIA EN EL COMPROMISO ESCOLAR Y EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO
Palabras clave:
desarrollo infantil, relaciones de pares, compromiso académico, relación profesor-estudiante, Grupos de paresResumen
El propósito de este ensayo es analizar por qué y cómo los profesores deberían preocuparse sobre las interacciones entre pares en el contexto escolar. Es ampliamente reconocido que las relaciones de grupo de pares son fundamentales para el desarrollo infantil, afectando tanto la participación escolar como los logros académicos. Sin embargo, existe poco análisis sobre cuál sería el rol de los profesores sobre estas relaciones entre iguales. Para lograr el objetivo del ensayo se realiza un análisis de la literatura sobre los dos siguientes temas: 1) las relaciones entre pares en el contexto escolar, considerando los conceptos de homogeneidad y compromiso, teniendo en cuenta las tres dimensiones informales de las relaciones entre pares: amistad, estatus y centralidad; 2) influencia de los docentes sobre la relación entre pares, considerando sus roles como protectores, "arquitectos" o referentes sociales, así como considerando su participación en dos enfoques pedagógicos diferentes: el modo de performance o el modo cooperativo de enseñanza. Se concluye que los profesores deben preocuparse por las relaciones informales de los estudiantes, ya que conscientemente o no, influyen en ellas. Si los maestros toman un rol activo en promover relaciones positivas y saludables en la escuela, estarían promoviendo el desarrollo infantil y fomentando un mejor rendimiento escolar. Teniendo en cuenta la literatura, se sugiere que los profesores adopten un modo cooperativo de enseñanza, actúen como referentes para el comportamiento de sus alumnos y eviten la retroalimentación negativa a los niños rechazados por su agresividad, con tal de evitar un mayor rechazo por parte de sus compañeros.
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