SCIENCE AS RADICAL KNOWLEDGE
Palabras clave:
Proliferación de Teorías, Verdad Relativa, Relativismo Evolutivo, Realismo, Epistemología Evolutiva, Lakatos, Feyerabend, GalileoResumen
La visión de que la ciencia es típicamente un proceso acumulativo y progresivo, como lo sugieren algunos historiadores de la ciencia y algunos realistas científicos, está minada tanto por la historia como por consideraciones evolutivas sobre la natura- leza de la ciencia. Los intentos de utilizar la biología evolutiva para retratar el desarrollo científico como continuo se basan en desafortunadas analogías con la evolución de la vida. Una aplicación adecuada de la biología evolutiva, en combinación con la neurociencia, derrota el caso del realismo en cuestión y conduce a la comprensión de que la ciencia no solo está abierta a la transformación radical, como lo indica la historia, sino que debería ser así. Los enfoques no evolutivos para la continuidad histó- rica de la ciencia, como el de Lakatos, no tienen mejor suerte. Como discutiré, la ciencia es una forma radical de conocimiento.
Citas
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Barnes, E.C. (2002). The Miraculous Choice Argument for Realism. Philosophical Studies, 111(2), 97–120. doi:10.1023/A:1021204812809
Bohr, N. (1970). Can Quantum Mechanical Description be Complete? In S. Toulmin (Ed.), Physical reality: Philosophical essays on twentieth-century physics. New York: Harper & Row.
Bohr, N. (1982). Discussion with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics. In P. A. Schilpp (Ed.), The Library of Living Philosophers, Volume 7. Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (pp. 199-241). Chicago, Illinois: Open Court.
Bohr, N. (1987). The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory. In N. Bohr, The Philosophical writings of Neil’s Bohr (Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature, Vol. 1). Connecticut, USA: Ox Bow Press.
Boyd, R. (1992). On the Current Status of Scientific Realism. In R. Boyd, P. Gasper, and J.D. Trout (Eds.), The Philosophy of Science (pp. 195-222). Cambridge, USA; MIT Press.
Brown, J. R. (1982). The Miracle of Science. Philosophical Quarterly, 32(128), 232–244. doi:10.2307/2219325
Busch, J. (2008). No New Miracles, Same Old Tricks. Theoria, 74(2), 102–114. doi:10.1111/j.1755-2567.2008.00011.x
Dellsén, F. (2016). Explanatory Rivals and the Ultimate Argument. Theoria, 82(3), 217–237. doi:10.1111/theo.12084
Edelman, G. & Tononi, G. (2000). A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination. New York: Basic Books.
Feyerabend, P. (1975). Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge. London: New Left Books.
Feyerabend, P. (1999). Conquest of Abundance: A Tale of Abstractness versus the Richness of Being. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ford, J.M., Dierks, T., Fisher, D.J., Herrmann, C.S., Hubl, D., Kindler, J., Koenig, T., Mathalon, D.H., Spencer, K.M., Strik, W., & van Lutterveld, E. (2012). Neurophysiological Studies of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38(4), pp. 715-723.
Frost-Arnold, G. (2010). The No-Miracles Argument for Realism: Inference to an Unacceptable Explanation. Philosophy of Science, 77(1), 35-58. doi:10.1086/650207
Galileo. (1989). The Assayer. In M.R. Matthews (Ed.), The Scientific Background to Modern Philosophy (pp. 56–61). Indianapolis, USA: Hackett.
Galileo. (2001). Dialogues Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. New York: The Modern Librar.
Hahlweg, K. & Hooker, C.A. [Eds.]. (1989). Issues in Evolutionary Epistemology (Volume 3, No. 2). Albany, USA: SUNY Press.
Hughes, H. C. (1999). Sensory Exotica. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press.
Johnston, V. S. (1999). Why We Feel. New York, USA: Perseus Books.
Lakatos, I. (1970a). Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. In I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lakatos, I. (1970b). History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions. In R.C. Buck and R.S Cohen (Eds.), Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume VIII (pp. 91-136). Dordrecht: Springer.
Lipton, P. (1994). Truth, Existence, and the Best Explanation. In A.A. Derksen (Ed.), The Scientific Realism of Rom Harré (pp. 89–111). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
Lyons, T. D. (2003). Explaining the Success of a Scientific Theory. Philosophy of Science, 70(5), 891–901. doi:10.1086/377375
Munevar, G. (1981). Radical Knowledge: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Nature and Limits of Science. UK: Avebury Publishing Co.; Indianapolis, USA: Hackett Publishing.
Munevar, G. (1989). Science as Part of Nature. In K. Hahlweg and C.A. Hooker (Eds.), Issues in Evolutionary Epistemology (Volume 3, No. 2). Albany, USA: SUNY Press.
Munevar, G. (1998). Evolution and the Naked Truth. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Munevar, G. (2018). A Theory of Wonder (book manuscript in preparation).
Newton. (1989). Principia. In M.R. Matthews (Ed.), The Scientific Background to Modern Philosophy (pp. 137-153). Indianapolis, USA: Hackett Publishing Company.
Piaget, J. (1969). Psychology of Intelligence. New York, USA: Littlefield, Adams and Co.
Popper, K. (1972). Objective Knowledge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Psillos, S. (1999). Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth. London: Routledge.
Putnam, H. (1975). Mathematics, Matter and Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sarton, G. (1936). The Study of the History of Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Toulmin, S. (1972). Human Understanding, Volume I. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press.
Tuomela, R. (1985). Science, Action and Reality. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel.
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Publicado
24-03-2018
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Munévar G. (2018). SCIENCE AS RADICAL KNOWLEDGE. LÍMITE Revista Interdisciplinaria De Filosofía Y Psicología, 13(41). Recuperado a partir de https://revistalimite.uta.cl/index.php/limite/article/view/89
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