Estrés por aculturación y satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes migrantes en Chile: Asociaciones indirectas con sintomatología postraumática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64966/rl.1758Palabras clave:
estrés por aculturación, sintomatología postraumática,, satisfacción con la vida, Niños y adolescentes, ChileResumen
Antecedentes: La migración infantojuvenil plantea desafíos relevantes para comprender el bienestar psicosocial de niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes en Chile, especialmente en contextos escolares y fronterizos. Este estudio examinó las asociaciones directas e indirectas entre dimensiones del estrés por aculturación, sintomatología postraumática y satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes migrantes. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 237 estudiantes migrantes escolarizados en la ciudad de Arica, Chile, con edades entre 12 y 18 años (M = 14.26; DE = 1.70). Se evaluaron fuentes de estrés por aculturación, sintomatología postraumática y satisfacción con la vida. Se estimaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con estimación robusta para examinar asociaciones directas e indirectas entre las variables. Resultados: La sintomatología postraumática se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción con la vida. Al examinar las dimensiones del estrés por aculturación, solo las dificultades de adaptación en la escuela, la familia y las relaciones con pares mostraron una asociación indirecta significativa con la satisfacción con la vida a través de la sintomatología postraumática (β = −.066, IC 95% [−.156, −.014], p = .018). No se observaron efectos indirectos significativos para añoranza ni discriminación. Conclusión: Los hallazgos son consistentes con un modelo en el que las dificultades cotidianas de adaptación se asocian con menor satisfacción con la vida en niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes, parcialmente a través de mayores niveles de sintomatología postraumática. Dado el diseño transversal, estos resultados deben interpretarse como asociaciones compatibles con un modelo de mediación parcial, y no como evidencia causal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jenifer Castillo Francino, J. Francisco Santibáñez-Palma, Diego Henríquez, Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar, Constanza Dávila, Valentina Reffers
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
