Experiencia de personas autistas en contextos educacionales: Una revisión sistemática de la elaboración de narrativas de identidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-50652025000100210Palabras clave:
Autismo, Narrativas identitarias, Educación, Contextos educativos, IdentidadResumen
La experiencia de las personas autistas en contextos educacionales es esencial para la comprensión de la construcción de sus narrativas identitarias. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comprender el desarrollo de narrativas identitarias de personas autistas durante su paso por los tres niveles educativos primarios, secundarios y terciarios. Para esto, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura pertinente durante el periodo 2014-2024, mediante la metodología PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Social Science Database, Psychology Database, Psychology and Behavioral y Science Collection, de las que se seleccionaron 21 artículos. Los hallazgos indican que existirían narrativas propias en cada nivel educativo; además, se presentan cuatro trayectorias comunes en las narrativas de los estudiantes autistas a lo largo de su trayectoria educativa: la relevancia de la estructura del entorno, las diferencias y prejuicios, el apoyo percibido y la identidad autista.
Citas
Atkinson, L., & Cipriani, A. (2018). How to carry out a literature search for a systematic review: a practical guide. BJPsych Advances, 24(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1192/bja.2017.3
Basel, A., & Hamilton, C. (2019). Listening to the voices of students with autism spectrum disorder – “When you are at school, you have to behave in a certain way. Kairaranga, 20(1).
Chatzitheochari, S., & Butler-Rees, A. (2023). Disability, social class and stigma: an intersectional analysis of disabled young people’s school experiences. Brithis Sociological Association, 57(5), 1156–1174. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380385221133710
Clouder, L., Karakus, M., Cinotti, A., Ferreyra, M., Fierros, G., & Rojo, P. (2020). Neurodiversity in higher education: a narrative synthesis. Higher Education, 80(4), 757–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00513-6
Cohen, S., Joseph, K., Levinson, S., Blacher, J., & Eisenhower, A. (2022). “My autism is my own”: Autistic identity and intersectionality in the school context. Autism in Adulthood : Challenges and Management, 4(4), 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1089/AUT.2021.0087
DeNigris, D., Brooks, P., Obeid, R., Alarcon, M., Shane-Simpson, C., & Gillespie-Lynch, K. (2018). Bullying and identity development: insights from autistic and non-autistic college students. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(3), 666–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10803-017-3383-Y
Dwyer, P. (2022). The neurodiversity approach(es): What are they and what do they mean for researchers? Human Development, 66(2), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000523723
Flegenheimer, C., & Scherf, K. (2022). College as a developmental context for emerging adulthood in autism: A systematic review of what we know and where we go from here. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(5), 2075–2097. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10803-021-05088-4
Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research, 65(6), 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203
Frost, K., Bailey, K. M., & Ingersoll, B. R. (2019). “I just want them to see me as…me”: Identity, community, and disclosure practices among college students on the autism spectrum. Autism in Adulthood: Challenges and Management, 1(4), 268. https://doi.org/10.1089/AUT.2018.0057
Goscicki, B. (2023). Overlooked and in plain sight: A scoping review of autistic females’ experiences in inclusive school settings. International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities, 65, 135–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irrdd.2023.09.004
Jones, J., Gallus, K., Viering, K., & Oseland, L. (2015). “Are you by chance on the spectrum?” Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder making sense of their diagnoses. Disability & Society, 30(10), 1490–1504. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2015.1108902
MacLeod, A., Allan, J., Lewis, A., & Robertson, C. (2018). ‘Here I come again’: the cost of success for higher education students diagnosed with autism. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(6), 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1396502
McAdams, D. (2013). The psychological self as actor, agent, and author. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 272–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612464657
McAdams, D. (2018). Narrative identity: What is it? What does It do? How do you measure it? Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 37(3), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276236618756704
McAdams, D., & Pals, J. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61(3), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204
McPartland, J., & Volkmar, F. (2012). Autism and related disorders. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52002-9.00023-1
McPeake, E., Lamore, K., Boujut, E., El Khoury, J., Pellenq, C., Plumet, M.-H., & Cappe, E. (2023). “I just need a little more support”: A thematic analysis of autistic students’ experience of university in France. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 105, 102172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102172
Nuske, H. J., Hassrick, E. M., Bronstein, B., Hauptman, L., Aponte, C., Levato, L., Stahmer, A., Mandell, D., Mundy, P., Kasari, C., & Smith, T. (2019). Broken bridges-new school transitions for students with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review on difficulties and strategies for success. Autism, 22(2), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318754529
Reynoso, C., Rangel, M., & Melgar, V. (2017). El trastorno del espectro autista: aspectos etiológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 55(2), 214–222.
Richter, M., Flavier, E., Popa-Roch, M., & Clément, C. (2020). Perceptions on the primary-secondary school transition from French students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their parents. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 35(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1643145
Romero, E. (2005). ¿Qué unidades debemos emplear? Las “dos disciplinas” de la psicología de la personalidad (Vol. 21). www.um.es/analesps
Stack, K., Symonds, J. E., & Kinsella, W. (2021). The perspectives of students with autism spectrum disorder on the transition from primary to secondary school: A systematic literature review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101782
Toledo, M. (2012). Sobre la construcción identitaria. Atenea , 506, 43–56. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-04622012000200004
Van Hees, V., Moyson, T., & Roeyers, H. (2015). Higher education experiences of students with autism spectrum disorder: challenges, benefits and support needs. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2324-2
Venegas, S. (2019). Neurodiversidad en el Siglo XXI, ¿Moda o realidad? Revista Chilena de Psiquiatría y Neurología de La Infancia y Adolescencia, 30(1), 50–55.
Warren, A., Buckingham, K., & Parsons, S. (2021). Everyday experiences of inclusion in Primary resourced provision: the voices of autistic pupils and their teachers. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(5), 803–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2020.1823166
Yáñez, C., Maira, P., Elgueta, C., Brito, M., Crockett, M., Troncoso, L., López, C., & Troncoso, M. (2021). Estimación de la prevalencia de trastorno del Espectro Autista en población urbana chilena. Andes Pediatrica, 92(4), 519. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i4.2503
Zakai–Mashiach, M. (2023). “It is like you are in a golden cage”: How autistic students experience special education classrooms in general high schools. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 134, 104419. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RIDD.2022.104419
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Joaquin Balladares, Arlett Krause, Eugenia V. Vinet

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.