LA CIENCIA DE LA CONCIENCIA SEGÚN STANISLAS DEHAENE
Palabras clave:
decodificación cerebral, correlatos neuronales de la conciencia, Dehaene, ConcienciaResumen
El objetivo de este artículo es doble. En primer lugar, contextualizar filosóficamente la investigación neurocientífica sobre la conciencia llevada a cabo por Stanislas Dehaene, tomando como referencia fundamental su obra Consciousness and the Brain. Deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts (2014), donde presenta un programa para una ciencia de la conciencia y una síntesis de una parte relevante de la investigación reciente sobre el tema. En relación con este objetivo se introducirá la distinción entre conciencia de acceso y conciencia fenomenológica, por una parte, y la distinción entre el problema fácil y el problema difícil de la conciencia, por otra. En segundo lugar, se discutirán críticamente algunas de las propuestas de Dehaene desde un punto de vista conceptual y epistemológico, en particular, las nociones de signatura de la conciencia y de decodificación o lectura cerebral.
Citas
Aru, J., Bachmann, T., Singer, W., & Melloni, L. (2012). Distilling the neural correlates of consciousness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 737–746.
Aru, J., Bachmann, T., Singer, W., & Melloni, L. (2015). On why the unconscious prerequisites and consequences of consciousness might derail us from unravelling the neural correlates of consciousness. En S. M. Miller (Ed.), The constitution of phenomenal consciousness (pp. 205-225). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Baars, B. (1988). A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bachmann, T. (2012). How to begin to overcome the ambiguity present in differentiation between contents and levels of consciousness? Forntiers in Psychology, 3, 82. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00082
Block, N. (1978). Troubles with Functionalism. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 9, 261–325.
Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 227–287.
Block, N. (2005). Two neural correlates of consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 46-51.
Block, N. (2011). Perceptual consciousness overflows cognitive access. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(12), 567–575.
Cohen, M. A., & Dennett, D. (2011). Consciousness cannot be separated from function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(8), 358-64.
Crick, F., & Koch, C. (1990). Toward a neurobiological theory of consciousness. Seminars in Neuroscience, 2, 263-275.
Crick, F., & Koch, C. (2003). A framework for consciousness. Nature neuroscience, 6, 119-126. doi:10.1038/nn0203-119.
Chalmers, D. (1999). La mente consciente. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Chalmers, D. (2000). What is a neural correlate of consciousness? En T. Metzinger (Ed.), Neural Correlates of Consciousness (pp. 17-39). Cambridge (Mass.): MIT.
Chalmers, D. (2004). How can we construct a science of consciousness? En M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences III, third edition (pp. 1111–1120). Cambridge (Mass.): MIT.
Damasio, A. (2010). Y el cerebro creó al hombre. Barcelona: Destino.
De Graaf, T. A., Hsieh, P. J., & Sack, A. T. (2012). The ‘correlates’ in neural correlates of consciousness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 191–197.
De Graaf, T. A., & Sack, A. T. (2015). On the various neural correlates of consciousness: Are they distinguishable? En S. M. Miller (Ed.), The constitution of phenomenal consciousness (pp. 177-204). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dehaene, S. (2014). Consciousness and the Brain. Deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts. New York: Viking Penguin.
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. P. (2011). Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Conscious Processing. Neuron, 70(2), 200-227.
Dehaene, S., Charles, L., King, J. R., & Marti, S. (2014). Toward a computational theory of conscious processing. Current opinion in neurobiology, 25, 76-84.
Del Cul, A., Dehaene, S., Reyes, P., Bravo E., & Slachevsky, A. (2009). Causal role of prefrontal cortex in the threshold for access to consciousness. Brain, 132(9), 2531-2540.
Dennett, D. (1996). Commentary on Chalmers: Facing backwards on the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 3(1), 4–6.
Dennett, D. (2006). Dulces sueños. Obstáculos filosóficos para una ciencia de la conciencia. Buenos Aires/Madrid: Katz Editores.
Fahrenfort, J. & Lamme, V. (2012). A true science of consciousness explains phenomenology: Comment on Cohen and Dennett. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16, 138-9.
Haynes, J.D. (2009). Decoding visual consciousness from human brain signals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(5), 194-202.
Hickok, G. (2014). The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
Hohwy, J. (2009). The neural correlates of consciousness. New experimental approaches needed? Consciousness and Cognition, 18(2), 428-438.
Irvine, L. (2012). New problems with old measures in the science of consciousness. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 63, 627-648.
Kay, K. N., Naselaris, T., Prenger, R. J., & Gallant, J. L. (2008). Identifying natural images from human brain activity. Nature, 452, 352-355.
Kim, J. (2005). Physicalism, or something near enough. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Kosuch, B. (2014). Prefrontal lesion evidence against higher-order theories of consciousness. Philosophical Studies, 167(3), 721-746.
Levine, J. (1983). Materialism and Qualia: The Explanatory Gap. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 64, 354-361.
Lamme, V. A. (2006). Towards a true neural stance on consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(11), 494-501.
Lamme, V. A. (2010). How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness. Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 204-220.
Meyers, E. M. (2013). The neural decoding toolbox. Frontiers in neuroinformatics, 7(8), 1-12. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2013.00008
Miller, S. M. (2007). On the correlation/constitution distinctionproblem (and other hard problems) in thescientific study of consciousness. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 9, 159–176. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00207.x
Miller, S. M. (2015). The correlation/constitution distinction problem: Foundation, limits and explanation in consciousness science. En S. M. Miller (Ed.), The constitution of phenomenal consciousness (pp. 104-154). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Overgaard, M., & Overgaard, R. (2010). Neural correlates of contents and levels of consciousness. Forntiers in Psychology, 1, 164. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00164
Quian Quiroga, R., Reddy L., Kreiman G., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2005). Invariant visual representation by single-neurons in the human brain. Nature, 435, 1102-1107.
Quian Quiroga, R. & Panzeri, S. (2009). Extracting information from neural populations: Information theory and decoding approaches. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 173-185.
Searle, J. R. (2000). Consciousness. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 557–578.
Thirion, B., Duchesnay, E., Hubbard, E., Dubois, J., Poline, J-B., Lebihan, D., & Dehaene, S. (2006). Inverse retinotopy: Inferring the visual content of images from brain activation patterns. NeuroImage, 33, 1104–1116.
Tononi, G., & Koch, C. (2008). The Neural Correlates of Consciousness. An Update. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 239-261.
Aru, J., Bachmann, T., Singer, W., & Melloni, L. (2015). On why the unconscious prerequisites and consequences of consciousness might derail us from unravelling the neural correlates of consciousness. En S. M. Miller (Ed.), The constitution of phenomenal consciousness (pp. 205-225). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Baars, B. (1988). A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bachmann, T. (2012). How to begin to overcome the ambiguity present in differentiation between contents and levels of consciousness? Forntiers in Psychology, 3, 82. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00082
Block, N. (1978). Troubles with Functionalism. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 9, 261–325.
Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 227–287.
Block, N. (2005). Two neural correlates of consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 46-51.
Block, N. (2011). Perceptual consciousness overflows cognitive access. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(12), 567–575.
Cohen, M. A., & Dennett, D. (2011). Consciousness cannot be separated from function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(8), 358-64.
Crick, F., & Koch, C. (1990). Toward a neurobiological theory of consciousness. Seminars in Neuroscience, 2, 263-275.
Crick, F., & Koch, C. (2003). A framework for consciousness. Nature neuroscience, 6, 119-126. doi:10.1038/nn0203-119.
Chalmers, D. (1999). La mente consciente. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Chalmers, D. (2000). What is a neural correlate of consciousness? En T. Metzinger (Ed.), Neural Correlates of Consciousness (pp. 17-39). Cambridge (Mass.): MIT.
Chalmers, D. (2004). How can we construct a science of consciousness? En M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences III, third edition (pp. 1111–1120). Cambridge (Mass.): MIT.
Damasio, A. (2010). Y el cerebro creó al hombre. Barcelona: Destino.
De Graaf, T. A., Hsieh, P. J., & Sack, A. T. (2012). The ‘correlates’ in neural correlates of consciousness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 191–197.
De Graaf, T. A., & Sack, A. T. (2015). On the various neural correlates of consciousness: Are they distinguishable? En S. M. Miller (Ed.), The constitution of phenomenal consciousness (pp. 177-204). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dehaene, S. (2014). Consciousness and the Brain. Deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts. New York: Viking Penguin.
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. P. (2011). Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Conscious Processing. Neuron, 70(2), 200-227.
Dehaene, S., Charles, L., King, J. R., & Marti, S. (2014). Toward a computational theory of conscious processing. Current opinion in neurobiology, 25, 76-84.
Del Cul, A., Dehaene, S., Reyes, P., Bravo E., & Slachevsky, A. (2009). Causal role of prefrontal cortex in the threshold for access to consciousness. Brain, 132(9), 2531-2540.
Dennett, D. (1996). Commentary on Chalmers: Facing backwards on the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 3(1), 4–6.
Dennett, D. (2006). Dulces sueños. Obstáculos filosóficos para una ciencia de la conciencia. Buenos Aires/Madrid: Katz Editores.
Fahrenfort, J. & Lamme, V. (2012). A true science of consciousness explains phenomenology: Comment on Cohen and Dennett. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16, 138-9.
Haynes, J.D. (2009). Decoding visual consciousness from human brain signals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(5), 194-202.
Hickok, G. (2014). The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
Hohwy, J. (2009). The neural correlates of consciousness. New experimental approaches needed? Consciousness and Cognition, 18(2), 428-438.
Irvine, L. (2012). New problems with old measures in the science of consciousness. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 63, 627-648.
Kay, K. N., Naselaris, T., Prenger, R. J., & Gallant, J. L. (2008). Identifying natural images from human brain activity. Nature, 452, 352-355.
Kim, J. (2005). Physicalism, or something near enough. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Kosuch, B. (2014). Prefrontal lesion evidence against higher-order theories of consciousness. Philosophical Studies, 167(3), 721-746.
Levine, J. (1983). Materialism and Qualia: The Explanatory Gap. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 64, 354-361.
Lamme, V. A. (2006). Towards a true neural stance on consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(11), 494-501.
Lamme, V. A. (2010). How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness. Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 204-220.
Meyers, E. M. (2013). The neural decoding toolbox. Frontiers in neuroinformatics, 7(8), 1-12. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2013.00008
Miller, S. M. (2007). On the correlation/constitution distinctionproblem (and other hard problems) in thescientific study of consciousness. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 9, 159–176. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00207.x
Miller, S. M. (2015). The correlation/constitution distinction problem: Foundation, limits and explanation in consciousness science. En S. M. Miller (Ed.), The constitution of phenomenal consciousness (pp. 104-154). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Overgaard, M., & Overgaard, R. (2010). Neural correlates of contents and levels of consciousness. Forntiers in Psychology, 1, 164. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00164
Quian Quiroga, R., Reddy L., Kreiman G., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2005). Invariant visual representation by single-neurons in the human brain. Nature, 435, 1102-1107.
Quian Quiroga, R. & Panzeri, S. (2009). Extracting information from neural populations: Information theory and decoding approaches. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 173-185.
Searle, J. R. (2000). Consciousness. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 557–578.
Thirion, B., Duchesnay, E., Hubbard, E., Dubois, J., Poline, J-B., Lebihan, D., & Dehaene, S. (2006). Inverse retinotopy: Inferring the visual content of images from brain activation patterns. NeuroImage, 33, 1104–1116.
Tononi, G., & Koch, C. (2008). The Neural Correlates of Consciousness. An Update. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 239-261.
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Publicado
06-05-2018
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Martínez Sánchez A. (2018). LA CIENCIA DE LA CONCIENCIA SEGÚN STANISLAS DEHAENE. LÍMITE Revista Interdisciplinaria De Filosofía Y Psicología, 13(43). Recuperado a partir de https://revistalimite.uta.cl/index.php/limite/article/view/99
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