TIME-ORDER-ERRORS AND DURATION RANGES IN THE EPISODIC TEMPORAL GENERALIZATION TASK
Keywords:
Temporal processing, episodic temporal generalization, duration rangeAbstract
The current model of the Episodic Temporal Generalization task, where subjects have to judge whether pairs of auditory stimuli are equal in duration, predicts that results are scale-free and unaffected by the presentation order of the stimuli. To test these predictions, we conducted three experiments assessing sub- and supra-second standards and taking presentation order into ac- count. Proportions were spaced linearly in Experiments 1 and 2 and logarithmically in Experiment 3. Critically, we found effects of duration range and presentation order with both spacing schemes. Our results constitute the first report of presentation order effects in the Episodic Temporal Generalization task and demonstrate that future studies should always consider duration range, number of trials and presentation order as crucial factors modulating performance.
References
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Wearden, J. H., Denovan, L., & Haworth, R. (1997). Scalar timing in temporal generalization in humans with longer stimulus durations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23(4), 502.
Wearden, J. H., & Lejeune, H. (2008). Scalar properties in human timing: conformity and violations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(4), 569-587.
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Bakeman, R. (2005). Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs. Behav Res Methods, 37(3), 379-384.
Bausenhart, K. M., Dyjas, O., & Ulrich, R. (2015). Effects of stimulus order on discrimination sensitivity for short and long durations. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77(4), 1033-1043. doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0875-8
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Brainard, D. H. (1997). The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spat Vis, 10(4), 433-436.
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Chen, L., Bao, Y., & Wittmann, M. (2016). Editorial: Sub- and Supra-Second Timing: Brain, Learning and Development. Front Psychol, 7, 747. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00747
Chittaro, L., & Montanari, A. (2000). Temporal representation and reasoning in artificial intelligence: Issues and approaches. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 28(1), 47-106. doi:10.1023/a:1018900105153
Church, R. M., & Gibbon, J. (1982). Temporal generalization. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes, 8(2), 165-186.
Dennett, D. C., & Kinsbourne, M. (1992). Time and the observer: The where and when of consciousness in the brain. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15(02), 183-201.
Dixon, P. (2008). Models of accuracy in repeated-measures designs. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 447-456.
Dyjas, O., Bausenhart, K. M., & Ulrich, R. (2012). Trial-by-trial updating of an internal reference in discrimination tasks: evidence from effects of stimulus order and trial sequence. Atten Percept Psychophys, 74(8), 1819-1841. doi:10.3758/s13414-012-0362-4
Dyjas, O., & Ulrich, R. (2014). Effects of stimulus order on discrimination processes in comparative and equality judgements: data and models. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(6), 1121-1150. doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.847968
Eagleman, D. M. (2005). Time and the Brain: How Subjective Time Relates to Neural Time. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(45), 10369-10371. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3487-05.2005
Falmagne, J.-C. (1985). Elements of psychophysical theory. Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press.
Finnerty, G. T., Shadlen, M. N., Jazayeri, M., Nobre, A. C., & Buonomano, D. V. (2015). Time in Cortical Circuits. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(41), 13912-13916. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2654-15.2015
Garcia-Perez, M. A. (2014). Does time ever fly or slow down? The difficult interpretation of psychophysical data on time perception. Front Hum Neurosci, 8, 415. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00415
Grondin, A. (1999). When to start explicit counting in a timeintervals discrimination task: A critical point in the timing process of humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25(4), 993-1004.
Grondin, S. (2010). Timing and time perception: a review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions. Atten Percept Psychophys, 72(3), 561-582. doi:10.3758/APP.72.3.561
Grondin, S. (2014). About the (Non)scalar Property for Time Perception. In H. Merchant & V. de Lafuente (Eds.), Neurobiology of Interval Timing (Vol. 829, pp. 17-32). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Hellstrom, A. (1979). Time errors and differential sensation weighting. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 5(3), 460-477.
Hellstrom, A. (2000). Sensation weighting in comparison and discrimination of heaviness. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 26(1), 6-17.
Hellstrom, A. (2003). Comparison is not just subtraction: effects of time- and space-order on subjective stimulus difference. Percept Psychophys, 65(7), 1161-1177.
Hellström, A. (1985). The time-order error and its relatives: Mirrors of cognitive processes in comparing. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 35-61.
Hellstrom, A., & Rammsayer, T. H. (2015). Time-order errors and standard-position effects in duration discrimination: An experimental study and an analysis by the sensation-weighting model. Atten Percept Psychophys, 77(7), 2409-2423. doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0946-x
Ivry, R. B., & Schlerf, J. E. (2008). Dedicated and intrinsic models of time perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(7), 273-280. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.04.002
Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 434-446.
Johnson, H. A., Goel, A., & Buonomano, D. V. (2010). Neural dynamics of in vitro cortical networks reflects experienced temporal patterns. Nat Neurosci, 13(8), 917-919. doi:10.1038/nn.2579
McCormack, T., Wearden, J. H., Smith, M. C., & Brown, G. D. (2005). Episodic temporal generalization: a developmental study. Q J Exp Psychol A, 58(4), 693-704.
Merchant, H., Zarco, W., & Prado, L. (2008). Do we have a common mechanism for measuring time in the hundreds of millisecond range? Evidence from multiple-interval timing tasks. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99(2), 939-949. doi:10.1152/jn.01225.2007
Patching, G. R., Englund, M. P., & Hellstrom, A. (2012). Timeand space-order effects in timed discrimination of brightness and size of paired visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 38(4), 915-940. doi:10.1037/a0027593
R Core Team. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/. Retrieved from URL http://www.R-project.org/.
Rammsayer, T. H., & Troche, S. J. (2014a). Elucidating the internal structure of psychophysical timing performance in the sub-second and second range by utilizing confirmatory factor analysis. Adv Exp Med Biol, 829, 33-47. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1782-2_3
Rammsayer, T. H., & Troche, S. J. (2014b). In search of the internal structure of the processes underlying interval timing in the sub-second and the second range: a confirmatory factor analysis approach. Acta Psychol (Amst), 147, 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.05.004
Wearden, J. H. (1992). Temporal generalization in humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12(2), 134-144. doi:10.1037/0097-7403.18.2.134
Wearden, J. H. (2004). Decision processes in models of timing. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 64(3), 303-317.
Wearden, J. H. (2008). Slowing down an internal clock: Implications for accounts of performance on four timing tasks. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(2), 263-274. doi:10.1080/17470210601154610
Wearden, J. H., & Bray, S. (2001). Scalar timing without reference memory? Episodic temporal generalization and bisection in humans. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B, Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 54(4), 289-309. doi:10.1080/713932763
Wearden, J. H., Denovan, L., & Haworth, R. (1997). Scalar timing in temporal generalization in humans with longer stimulus durations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23(4), 502.
Wearden, J. H., & Lejeune, H. (2008). Scalar properties in human timing: conformity and violations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(4), 569-587.
Wearden, J. H., & Towse, J. N. (1994). Temporal generalizations in humans: Three further studies. Behav Processes, 32(3), 247-263. doi:10.1016/0376-6357(94)90046-9
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Published
2017-03-23
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Mikulan, E., Bruzzone, M., Serodio, M., Muñoz E., Singer, N., Sigman, M., … Ibáñez A. (2017). TIME-ORDER-ERRORS AND DURATION RANGES IN THE EPISODIC TEMPORAL GENERALIZATION TASK. LÍMITE Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy & Psychology, 12(40). Retrieved from https://revistalimite.uta.cl/index.php/limite/article/view/86
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