PARENTAL STYLES AND ONLINE SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION FACTORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-50652024000100209Keywords:
parental styles, online sexual abuse, preventionAbstract
In recent years, concern about the prevention of online sexual abuse has increased. Research has highlighted the role of parents or guardians as preventive agents, using measures of control, supervision, and emotional support with their children. However, more needs to be understood about the balance that parents should strike between supervision and emotional support. The main objective of this study was to find out if adolescents with parents who have different supervision-support profiles present differences in factors linked to the prevention of OSA (knowledge about online sexual abuse, frequency of Internet use, self-efficacy, and well-being). The Participants were 82 high school students residing in Chile who responded to a series of self-report instruments. The cluster analysis recognized three groups of adolescents (with parents with high competence in the use of technology but with different levels of support and supervision). Adolescents with competent, supportive, and supervising parents best understand the risks of the Internet and have better self-efficacy and greater well-being.
References
Aljuboori, D., Seneviratne-Eglin, E., Swiergala, E., y Guerra, C. (2021). Associations between Family Support and Online Sexual Abuse in Chilean adolescents: the Mediational role of Online Risk Behaviours. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 30(2), 192-206, https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2021.1875280
Atienza, F. L., Pons, d., Balaguer, I. y García-Merita, M. (2000). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de satisfacción con la Vida en adolescentes. Psicothema, 12(2), 314-319.
Baumrind, D. (1991). Parenting Styles and adolescent development. En J. BrooksGunn, R. Lerner & A. C. Petersen (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Adolescence (pp. 746–758). Garland.
Beranuy, M., Chamarro, A., Graner, C., y Carbonell, X. (2009). Validación de dos escalas breves para evaluar la adicción a Internet y el abuso de móvil. Psicothema, 21(3), 480-485.
Cadem (2023). Informe Final Licitación ID: 606-5-LP23 “Estudio Décima Encuesta sobre acceso, usos y usuarios de Internet en Chile”. Extraído desde https://www.subtel.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Informe_Final_Acceso_y_uso_Internet_2023_VF.pdf
De Santisteban, P., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors among minors for online sexual solicitations and interactions with adults. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(7), 939–950. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1386763
Döring, N. (2014). Consensual sexting among adolescents: risk prevention through abstinence education or safer sexting? Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 8, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2014-1-9
Fleming, M. J., Greentree, S., Cocotti-Muller, D., Elias, K. A., & Morrison, S. (2006). Safety in Cyberspace: Adolescents' Safety and Exposure Online. Youth & Society, 38(2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X06287858
García, F., Portillo, J., Romo, J. & Benito, M. (2007, septiembre). Nativos digitales y modelos de aprendizaje. Comunicación presentada al IV Simposio Pluridisciplinar sobre Diseño, Evaluación y Desarrollo de Contenidos Educativos Reutilizables. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-318/Garcia.pdf
Guerra, C. (2019). Habits and Risks Online: How do they affect the integral development of students? Ling Tung Journal, 45, 27- 34.
Guerra, C., Aguilera, G., Lippians, C., Navarro, M., Paz, M., Rebolledo, D., Silva, G., & Alaeddine, R. (2022). Online Sexual Abuse and Symptomatology in Chilean Adolescents: The Role of Peer Support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(7–8), NP5805–NP5817. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520957685
Guerra, C., Bijit, F., Fuentes, M., Ortiz, E., Painehual, B., & Arredondo, V. (2021). Prevalencia del abuso sexual online y de las conductas de riesgo en adolescentes chilenos. En E. Toro (Ed.). Violencia de Genero Online: Reflexiones interdisciplinarias (119- 141). Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso.
Guerra, C., Farkas, Ch. y Moncada, L. (2018). Depression, anxiety and PTSD in sexually abused adolescents: Association with self-efficacy, coping and family support. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.013
Guerra, C., Montiel, I., Molina, N., Escalona, Y., Riquelme, J., y Rojas, L. (2019a). Análisis de una escala breve de conductas de riesgo en Internet en jóvenes Chilenos. Anuario de Psicología 49, 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1344/anpsic2019.49.4
Guerra, C., Salinas, M., Madrid, M., y Inostroza, T. (2019b). Conductas de riesgo online en universitarios; relaciones con la ansiedad social, depresión y uso excesivo de Internet. Enacción, 6, 87- 92.
Houck, C. D., Barker, D., Rizzo, C., Hancock, E., Norton, A. y Brown, L. K. (2014). Sexting and sexual behavior in at-risk adolescents. Pediatrics, 133(2), e276-282. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1157
Hudson, K. (2017). Preventing child sexual abuse through education: the work of Stop it Now! Wales. Journal of Sexual Aggression 24(1) 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2017.1383088
Jorge, E. & González, C. (2017). Estilos de crianza parental: una revisión teórica. Informes Psicológicos, 17(2), pp. 39-66 http://dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v17n2a02
Jones, L., Mitchell, K., & Finkelhor, D. (2012). Trends in youth Internet victimization: Findings from three youth Internet safety surveys 2000–2010. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.09.015
Jonsson, L.S., Fredlund, C., Priebe, G., Wadsby, M, y Göran Svedin , C. (2018). Online sexual abuse of adolescents by a perpetrator met online: a cross-sectional study. Child Adolescent Psychiatry Mental Health 13(32), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-019-0292-1
Katz, C., Piller, S., Glucklich, T., & Matty, D. E. (2021). “Stop Waking the Dead”: Internet Child Sexual Abuse and Perspectives on Its Disclosure. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9-10), NP5084–NP5104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518796526
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E.J. (2008). Parental Mediation of Children's Internet Use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802437396
Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. (2014). Annual research review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: The nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 55(6), 635–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12197
Manrai, R., Alaeddine, R. Elorreaga, G., Garrett, L. & Guerra, C. (2021). What do the potential recipients of disclosure of OSA say? Perspectives from Adolescent Residents in Scotland and Chile. Child Abuse & Neglect, 117, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105034
Marret, M. J., & Choo, W.-Y. (2018). Victimization After Meeting With Online Acquaintances: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adolescents in Malaysia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(15), 2352–2378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515625502
Mayer, M. (2011). La utilización de Internet entre los adolescentes, riesgos y beneficios. Atención Primaria, 43(6), 287–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2010.12.004
Medrano, J. L. J., Lopez Rosales, F. y Gámez-Guadix, M. (2018). Assessing the links of sexting, cybervictimization, depression, and suicidal ideation among university students. Archives of Suicide Research, 22, 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1304304
Milovidov, E. (2017). Parenting in the digital age: Parental guidance for the online protection of children from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Council of Europe.
NetClean. (2018). Blocking as a way of stopping child sexual abuse material. Retrieved May 7, 2021, from https://www.netclean.com/2018/06/27/blocking-as-a-way-of-stopping-child-sexual-abuse-material/
Patterson, A., Ryckman, L., & Guerra, C. (2022). A Systematic Review of the Education and Awareness Interventions to Prevent Online Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 857–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-022-00440-x
Ponce Mancilla, T., Vielma Hurtado, C., & Bellei Carvacho, C. (2021). Experiencias educativas de niñas, niños y adolescentes chilenos confinados por la pandemia COVID-19. Revista Ibero-americana de Educação. https://doi.org/10.35362/rie8614415
Quayle, E., & Sinclair, R. (2012). An introduction to the problem. In E. Quayle, & K. Ribisl (Eds.), Understanding and preventing online sexual exploitation of children (pp. 3–22). Routledge.
Ramiro, L. S., Martinez, A. B., Tan, J. R. D., Mariano, K., Miranda, G. M. J., & Bautista, G. (2019). Online child sexual exploitation and abuse: A community diagnosis using the social norms theory. Child Abuse & Neglect, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104080
Ruiz-Hernández, José Antonio, Moral-Zafra, Elena, Llor-Esteban, Bartolomé, & Jiménez-Barbero, José Antonio. (2019). Influence of Parental Styles and Other Psychosocial Variables on the Development of Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents: A Sytematic Review. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 11(1), 9-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2018a11
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.) Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-NELSON.
SUBTEL & Brújula. (2017). IX Encuesta de Acceso y Usos de Internet: Informe Final. https://www.subtel.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Informe_Final_IX_Encuesta_Acceso_y_Usos_Internet_2017.pdf
Toro, E. (2021). Violencia de Genero Online: Reflexiones interdisciplinarias. Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso.
Toro, E., Guerra, C. (2021). Uso seguro y responsable de Internet: Lugar del cuidado parental. En M. Salazar (Ed.). Parentalidad, cuidados y bienestar infantil en contextos adversos (319- 332). Ril Editores.
UNICEF (2016). Guía de sensibilización sobre Convivencia Digital. Extraído desde https://www.unicef.org/argentina/media/1601/file
UNICEF (2020). Guía de sensibilización sobre Convivencia Digital. Extraído desde https://www.unicef.org/argentina/media/9481/file/Gu%C3%ADa%20sobre%20Convivencia%20Digital-2020.pdf
Vanwesenbeeck, I., Ponnet, K., Walrave, M., & Van Ouytsel, J. (2018). Parents’ Role in Adolescents’ Sexting Behaviour. In M. Walrave, J. Van Ouytsel, K. Ponnet, & J. R. Temple (Eds.), Sexting: Motives and risk in online sexual self-presentation (pp. 63–80). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71882-8_5
Webster, S., Davidson, J., Bifulco, A., Gottschalk, P.,Caretti, V., Pham, T., Grove-Hills, J., Turley, C., Tompkins, C., Ciullam S., Milazzo, V., Schimmenti, A., & Craparo, G. (2012). European Online Grooming Project Final Report. European Union
Whittle, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Beech, A., & Collings, G. (2013). A review of young people's vulnerabilities to online grooming. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18, 135– 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.008
Zimet, G., Dahlem, N., Zimet, S., & Farley, G. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Cristobal Guerra, Elizabeth Swiergala, Cristian Pinto-Cortez, Edgardo Toro, Claudia Melo, Carolina Alcorce, Cherie González, Angelica Fernández, Geraldine Martinez, Maira Ramirez

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


